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Credit unions in the United States serve 100 million members, comprising 43.7% of the economically active population.〔() ''CUNA.''〕 U.S. credit unions are not-for-profit, cooperative, tax-exempt organizations.〔See, e.g., 26 U.S.C. § 501(c)(14)(A) for state-chartered credit unions and 26 U.S.C. § 501(c)(1) for federally chartered credit unions, available at http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode26/usc_sec_26_00000501----000-.html; CUNA Model Credit Union Act § 0.20 (2007); see also 12 U.S.C. §§ 1751 note, 1752(1), 1768, available at http://www.ncua.gov/RegulationsOpinionsLaws/fcu_act/fcu_act.pdf.〕 As of October 2011, the largest American credit union was Navy Federal Credit Union, serving U.S. Department of Defense employees, contractors, and families of servicepeople, with over $45 billion USD in assets and over 3.4 million members.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.navyfcu.org/about/about.php )〕 Total credit union assets in the U.S. reached $1 trillion as of March 2012. Approximately 236,056 people were directly employed by credit unions per data derived from the 2012 NCUA Credit Union Directory. Due to their small size and limited exposure to mortgage securitizations, credit unions have weathered the financial meltdown of 2008 reasonably well. However, two of the biggest corporate credit unions in the United States (U.S. Central Credit Union and WesCorp) with combined assets of more than $57 billion were taken over by the federal government National Credit Union Administration on March 20, 2009. ==History== St. Mary's Bank of Manchester, New Hampshire holds the distinction as the first credit union in the United States. Assisted by a personal visit from Desjardins, St. Mary's Cooperative Credit Association (now named St. Mary's Bank) was founded by French-speaking immigrants to Manchester from the Maritime Provinces of Canada on November 24, 1908. As the leader of St. Marie's church, Monsignor Pierre Hevey was instrumental in establishing this credit union. Attorney Joseph Boivin managed the credit union, as a volunteer, out of his home in the evenings. America's Credit Union Museum now occupies the location of Boivin's home, where St. Mary's Bank first operated. Pierre Jay, a central banker and Edward Filene, a Bostonian merchant and philanthropist, were instrumental in establishing enabling legislation in Massachusetts in 1908. Filene's philanthropy, combined with the practical implementation efforts of his associate Roy Bergengren were critical to the emergence of credit unions across the United States. Unlike the credit unions of Germany or Quebec, most credit unions in the US emerged from an employer-based bond of association. In addition to the traditional information and enforcement advantages resulting from the fact that members shared the same workplace, the employer-based bond permitted credit unions to use future paychecks as collateral. The Credit Union National Extension Bureau, the forerunner of the Credit Union National Association was formed as a confederation of state leagues at a meeting in Estes Park, Colorado in 1934. Attendees at the meeting included Dora Maxwell who would go on to help establish hundreds of credit unions and programs for the poor in her lifetime and Louise McCarren Herring, whose work to form credit unions and ensure their safe operation earned the title of "Mother of Credit Unions" in the United States. The number of credit unions reached their peak in 1969 with 23,866 institutions and total assets of $16 billion. A museum on the history of credit unions, America's Credit Union Museum, is located in Manchester, New Hampshire. It opened in 2002. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Credit unions in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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